A Novel Design of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Reduced End Effect

Qingle Wu; Liqun Wang; Guolai Yang; Enling Tang; Lei Li; Ahmed Al-Zahrani

doi:10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.157

J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci > Volume 23(2); 2023 > Article

Wu, Wang, Yang, Tang, Li, and Al-Zahrani: A Novel Design of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Reduced End Effect

Regular Paper

Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 2023;23(2):171-179.

Published online: March 31, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.157

A Novel Design of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Reduced End Effect

Qingle Wu¹, Liqun Wang^1,^*, Guolai Yang¹, Enling Tang^1,², Lei Li¹, Ahmed Al-Zahrani³

¹School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China

²Key Laboratory of Transient Physical Mechanics and Energy Conversion Materials of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China

³Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

^*Corresponding Author: Liqun Wang (e-mail: lqwang@njust.edu.cn)

Received July 18, 2022 Revised November 3, 2022 Accepted February 13, 2023

This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

In response to the end effect of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor, this paper proposes an improved modular motor structure. To compute its electromagnetic characteristics, a subdomain model that converts the Cartesian coordinate system into a polar coordinate system through coordinate transformation is further formulated, thus significantly reducing programming difficulty. The analytical results are compared with those of the finite element method and indicate that the subdomain model can accurately consider the effects of end and flux barriers. Moreover, the magnetic field distribution inside the motor is applied to explain the end force abatement, and the suggested flux barrier width is obtained. Finally, the modular structure is applied to a 9-slot, 10-pole permanent magnet linear synchronous motor. The simulation results show that the modular structure can effectively suppress the end effect of the linear motor, and the proposed subdomain model applies to the design of the modular motor.

Keywords: Electromagnetic Field, End Effect, Linear Motor, Modular Structure, Subdomain Model

I. Introduction

The permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) cancels the intermediate transmission link, which has the advantages of high thrust density, fast speed, high precision, etc. [1–4]. Together with the rapid development of rare earth materials, this further improves performance and minimizes the cost of PMLSMs, making them widely used in industrial automation and in other fields [5, 6]. However, the structural defects of the linear motor itself (discontinuity of the primary core) produce end effects and lead to increased thrust ripple, limiting its development to the field of high precision [7].

The suppression of end effects is divided into the following three main methods. The first is to optimize the length of the primary core and the shape of the ends [8, 9]. This method is effective but has high requirements for the machining accuracy of the motor. The second method suppresses the end force by setting compensation currents at both ends of the primary [10], theoretically suppressing the end effect entirely. Still, the addition of compensation currents increases the complexity of the structure. The last method adopts a modular structure [11], which suppresses the end effect by the phase difference between motors. This method does not require high processing accuracy of the motor and has a promising application.

The current research on modular motors mainly concentrates on the structural design of three-unit modular motors, but few studies have focused on the principle of end-effect suppression and the influence of flux barriers on the motor’s internal magnetic field [12, 13]. Moreover, the electromagnetic field analysis of linear motors mainly adopts the analytical method and the finite element method (FEM). The FEM can accurately solve the magnetic field of complex motor structures with good generality but with expensive computational cost. In sharp contrast, the analytical method is intuitive in physical concepts and fast in computation. As the most common analytical method, the subdomain model has high computational accuracy, but its solution difficulty increases with the complexity of the model [14, 15]. Compared with the subdomain model, the equivalent magnetic circuit method is simple in principle and can take into account the phenomenon of magnetic saturation of the motor, but it can only calculate the magnetic field at a few discrete points; thus, it is difficult to consider the influence of end effects and flux barriers [16, 17].

To this end, this paper proposes an improved modular PMLSM (M-PMLSM) consisting of two-unit motors. For this motor, a subdomain model is proposed that reduces the number of domains and the solving difficulty by converting the Cartesian coordinate system into a polar coordinate system. To exclude the effect of cogging forces, the principle of modular motors suppressing end effects and magnetic field coupling between adjacent motors is explored by analyzing the slotless modular structure, and the minimum magnetic barrier width is derived. Subsequently, the modular structure is applied to a fractional pole-slot ratio motor. The rationality of the proposed modular structure and the validity of the subdomain model are verified by FEM.

II. Modular Motor Principle

Fig. 1 shows the M-PMLSM proposed in this paper, consisting of two main components: the mover and the stator. The stator consists of permanent magnets (PMs) and a secondary core; the PMs are arranged uniformly on the secondary core according to definite rules. The mover consists of two primary cores, coils, and a flux barrier.

To reduce the detent force and cost, the unit motor in this paper adopts fractional pole-slot ratio concentrated winding [18]. The relationship between the number of motor stator slots Z and the number of pole pairs p satisfies Z = 2p + 1. Therefore, the pole–slot ratio of the unit motor in this paper is 10:9.

For the proposed M-PMLSM, the end forces of the unit motors are obtained as follows:

(1)

Fend1=Σn=1∞Fn sin 2 nπ(xτ),

(2)

Fend2=Σn=1∞Fn sin 2 nπ(x+Lτ),

(3)

L=L1+L3,

where F_end₁ and F_end₂ are the end forces generated by unit 1 and unit 2; n is the order of Fourier expansion, x is the displacement of the mover, F_n is the Fourier decomposition factor, L is the distance between the unit motors, L₁ and L₃ are the lengths of the primary core and flux barrier, respectively, and τ is the pole pitch.

The whole end force can be depicted as follows:

(4)

Ftotal=Fend1+Fend2=Σn=1∞Fn sin(2nπxτ)sin(2nπLτ)sin(nπLτ).

The distance L between the unit motors satisfies the following equation to minimize the end force:

(5)

L=(a±1/2)τ.

As the core length L₁ of the unit motor is an integer multiple of the pole pitch, the width of the flux barrier can be described as follows:

(6)

L3=L-L1=(b±1/2)τ,

where a and b are non-negative integers and a > b.

III. Electromagnetic Characteristic Analysis

The electromagnetic field inside the motor can be calculated using FEM and the analytical method. The former is highly versatile but inefficient. The latter is computationally efficient but is challenging to program for complex structures.

For the proposed motor, a slotless modular motor subdomain model is established, which has the following advantages. (1) Excluding the effect of the cogging force, the effect of the flux barrier width on the end force is theoretically clarified. (2) Reducing the number of subdomains and solving difficulty, the effect of the tooth slot can be effectively considered by using coordinate transformation and a two-dimensional air gap relative permeability function.

1. Analytical Model of the Slotless M-PMLSM

The proposed M-PMLSM can be reduced to a two-dimensional problem for analysis, as shown in Fig. 2(a). When considering the end effects generated by the primary and secondary, the two-dimensional quasi-static subdomain model can be divided into 12 domains—secondary core domain 1; permanent magnet domain 2; air gap domain 3; slot domain 4; flux barrier domain 5; external air domain 6; secondary end domains 7, 8, 9, and 10; and primary end domains 11 and 12. A large number of domains leads to a complicated calculation. To reduce the complexity of the calculation, the subdomain model is simplified by transforming the coordinate system into a polar coordinate system. The original left-end domains 7, 9, 11, and right-end 8, 10, and 12 are extended to −∞ and +∞, respectively. In addition, we make the following assumptions [19]:

The materials used in the motor are all isotropic.
The permeability of the primary and secondary cores is infinite.
The permeability of PMs is the same as that of air.

Based on the above assumptions, the subdomain model, as indicated in Fig. 2(b), is constructed. In polar coordinates, the magnetic field can be divided into five domains—domain 1, PMs; domain 2, air gap; domain 3, flux barrier; domain 4, end air; and domain 5, external air. The meanings of the parameters in the Fig. 2(b) are as follows: ρ_s and ρ_r denote the primary and secondary coordinate systems, respectively; R_g is the outer radius of the air gap; R_m and R_p are the inner and outer radii of the PMs, respectively; R_s is the outer radius of the primary core; and ρ_m, ρ_p, ρ₃, and ρ₄ are the span angles of PMs, pole pitch, domain 3, and domain 4, respectively. To accurately solve the distribution of the internal magnetic field of the motor, the motor parameters need to be converted as follows:

(7)

Rp=Le/2π,

(8)

Rm=Rp-hp,

(9)

Rg=Rm+g,

(10)

Rs=Rm+g+hc,

(11)

ρ1=ρ2=2πL1/Le,

(12)

ρ3=2πL3/Le,

(13)

ρ4=2π-ρ1-ρ2-ρ3,

Suppose the translational velocity of the proposed M-PMLSM is v_s and the two-dimensional approximate angular velocity is ω_r, the relationship between the two satisfies the following equation:

(14)

ωr=2π×vsLe.

2. Analytical Model of the Slotless M-PMLSM

The distribution of the magnetization is presented in Fig. 3. M_r and M_ρ are the normal and tangential components of the magnetization M₀, respectively, whose expressions can be expanded in the Fourier series as follows:

(15)

{Mr(ρr)=Σn=1∞[Mrcn cos(nρr)+Mrsn sin(nρr)]Mρ(ρr)=Σn=1∞[Mρcn cos(nρr)+Mρsn sin(nρr)],

where M_ρcn = M_ρsn = 0.

The governing equations of each domain can be expressed by Poisson’s equation and Laplace’s equation, respectively [20, 21].

(16)

∂2Az1∂r2+1r∂Az1∂r+1r2∂2Az1∂ρ2=-μ0r(Mρ-∂Mr∂ρ),i=1,

(17)

∂2Azi∂r2+1r∂Azi∂r+1r2∂2Azi∂ρ2=0, i={2,3,4,5}.

Then, the magnetic flux density in each domain can be derived by solving for the corresponding magnetic vector potential, which is expressed as [22]

(18)

Br=1r∂Az∂ρ, Bρ=-∂Az∂r.

Domain 1

By separating the variables method, the general solution of Poisson’s equation for the PM domain can be solved as follows:

(19)

Az1(r,ρs)=Ap(r,ρs)+∑n=1∞[A1n(rRp)n+B1n(rRm)-n]cos(nρs)+∑n=1∞[C1n(rRp)n+D1n(rRm)-n]sin(nρs),

where

(20)

Ap(r,ρs)={Σn=1∞μ0nn2-1r (Mrcn sin(nρs)-Mrcn cos(nρs)),n≠1Σn=1∞μ02r ln r (Mrsn cos(nρs)-Mrcn sin(nρs)),n=1.

Since the permeability of the secondary core is assumed to be infinite, the boundary conditions satisfy the following:

(21)

Hρ1|r=Rm=-1μ0μr∂Az1∂r=0.

According to the boundary condition (21), the magnetic vector potential of domain 1 can be simplified as follows:

(22)

Az1=∑n=1∞(F1n(r)A1n-F2n(r)Mrsn) cos (nρs)+∑n=1∞(F1n(r)C1n+F2n(r)Mrcn) sin (nρs),

where

(23)

F1n(r)=[(rRp)n+(RmRp)n (Rmr)n],

(24)

F2n(r)={-μ02[rInr+Rm(1+In Rm) (Rmr)](n=1)μ0n2-1[nr+Rm (Rmr)n](n≠1).

Domain 2

The general solution of the air gap domain can be expressed by the following equation:

(25)

Az2=∑n=1∞(A2n (r/Rg)n+B2n (r/Rp)-n) cos (nρs)+∑n=1∞[C2n(r/Rg)n+D2n(r/Rp)-n] sin (nρs).

Domain 3

The length of the flux barrier domain is ρ₃; thus, its general solution form differs from that of domains 2 and 5. The general solution of the magnetic vector potential in this domain is obtained by the separation of variables method as follows:

(26)

Az3=Σk=1∞[A3kG31k+B3kG32k] coskπρ3(ρs-ρ32),

where G₄₁_k = (r/R_s)^kπ^/^ρ⁴ and G₄₂_k = (r/R_g)⁻^kπ^/^ρ⁴.

Domain 4

Domain 4 is similar to domain 3, and its length is ρ₄. The general solution to its magnetic vector potential is:

(27)

Az4=Σk=1∞[A4kG41k+B4kG42k] coskπρ4(ρ4+ρ42-π),

where G₄₁_k = (r/R_s)^kπ^/^ρ⁴, G₄₂_k = (r/R_g)⁻^kπ^/^ρ⁴.

Domain 5

The magnetic vector potential flux solution can be simplified as follows:

(28)

Az5=Σn=1∞[B5nG5n cos(nρs)+D5kG5n sin(nρs)],

where G₅_n = (r/R_s)⁻ⁿ.

3. Boundary Conditions

According to the continuity of the normal component of B and the tangential component of H at the junction of adjacent domains, the final boundary conditions are as follows [23]:

(29)

{n·(Br(k+1)-Brk)=0n×(Hz(k+1)-Hzk)=J.

When r = R_p

(30)
Br1(r)=Br2(r) ∀ρs,

(31)
Hρ1(r)=Hρ2(r) ∀ρs.
When r = R_g

(32)
Br1(r)=Br2(r) ∀ρs,

(33)
Hρ1(r)=Hρ2(r) ∀ρs.

(34)
Hρ2(r)={Hρ3(r)ρs∈(-ρ32,ρ32)Hρ4(r)ρs∈(π-ρ42,π+ρ42)0others.
When r = R_s

(35)
Br5(r)=Br3(r) ρs∈(-ρ32,ρ32),

(36)
Br5(r)=Br4(r) ρs∈(π-ρ42,π+ρ42),

(37)
Hρ5(r)={Hρ3(r)ρs∈(-ρ32,ρ32)Hρ4(r)ρs∈(π-ρ42,π+ρ42)0others.

Through simultaneous Eqs. (30)–(37), the undetermined coefficients of each domain can be obtained. Further, the general solution of the magnetic flux density in the slotless air gap domain is as follows:

(38)

Bnor2=-(A2n(rRg)n+B2n(rRp)-n)nrsin(nρs)+(C2n(rRg)n+D2n(rRp)-n)nrcos(nρs),

(39)

Bnoρ2=-(A2n(rRg)n-B2n(rRp)-n)nrcos(nρs)+(C2n(rRg)n-D2n(rRp)-n)nrsin(nρs).

4. Slot Effect

Taking a single slot as the analytical model and selecting the center of the slot as the origin ϕ₀, the relative permeability function of the two-dimensional air gap of the M-PMLSM is expressed as follows [24, 25]:

(40)

λ′(ρs,r)=λ(ρs,r)/Λ,

(41)

λ(ρs,r)={Λ{1-β(r)-β(r) cos[5π/4ρw(ρs-ρ0]}(ρs∈(ρ0-0.8ρw≤ρs≤ρ0+0.8ρw))Λ, else,

where ρ_w is the span angle of the slot, h_m is the height of the PMs, β(r) is a nonlinear function, and Λ is the permeance.

Then, the radial no-load flux density in the slotted air gap domain can be expressed as follows:

(42)

Br2(ρs,r)=Bnor2λ′(ρs,r).

IV. Back EMF and End Force

1. Back EMF

The flux linkage ψ_c produced by a single-turn coil is as follows:

(43)

ψc=L1∫ρay2ρay2Br2 (ρmr)dρ,

where ρ_a_{_y} is the span angle of the coil pitch.

The no-load back EMF induced by the coil is as follows:

(44)

Ec=-Ndψcdt=vsL1NΣi=1s∫ρi-ρay2ρi+ρay2Bnor2λ′ (ρs,r)dρ,

where N is the number of turns of the coil, s is the number of coils in the series, and ρ_i is the starting position of the ith coil.

2. End Force

According to Maxwell’s stress theory, the forces on a rigid body placed in a magnetic field can be calculated using the following equation [26]:

(45)

f→m=1μ0(Br2-12|B→|2) e→r+1μ0BrBρe→ρ.

To solve the motor end force, it is necessary to consider only the tangential component of Eq. (45), whose expression can be expressed in the following integral form:

(46)

F→ρ=1μ0L1∫02πBnor2 (r,θ)Bnoρ2(r,ρ)rdρ .

V. Model Verification

To verify the principle of M-PMLSM and the validity of the analytical method, finite element models of two types of modular motors without slots and with 9 slots and 10 poles are established. Their main actual structural parameters and the parameters after coordinate conversion are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

1. End Effect

In this paper, the PMs are radially magnetized, and the magnetic field generated by this array has a large number of harmonics. As the distance from the surface of the permanent magnet increases, the magnetic field harmonics are reduced. In addition, the end of the motor is far from the surface of the permanent magnet, as shown in Fig. 1 [20]. To avoid the interference of harmonics and to describe the end effect more accurately, the air gap size of the slotless model is set to 7 mm.

From the analysis in Section II, it is clear that the end force can be effectively reduced when the flux barrier width satisfies Eq. (6). Therefore, three kinds of flux barrier widths are set for analysis according to this formula. Fig. 4 presents the air gap magnetic flux density of the slotless M-PMLSM for three flux barrier widths. The proposed subdomain model can fully consider the effects of flux barriers and ends with a high degree of consistency compared to the FEM. Moreover, the phase of normal magnetic flux intensity between the two-unit motors differs by 180°, while the phase of tangential magnetic flux intensity is the same. It can be seen from Eq. (46) that this makes the phase difference of the end forces between the unit motors by 180°, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the overall end force.

Fig. 5 shows the variation of end force for different flux barrier widths. The end force becomes progressively smaller as the width of the flux barrier increases. This may be because the width of the flux barrier is too small, and the magnetic field between adjacent unit motors is coupled. The magnitudes of the magnetic fields at the corresponding ends of the unit motors are not the same, as shown in the wireframe in Fig. 4. When the width of the flux barrier is 0.5 τ, the amplitude of the magnetic field in the flux barrier region is significantly larger than that of the magnetic field at the ends of both sides. However, the magnetic field amplitudes in the two regions are almost identical for the other two flux barrier widths.

In addition, as the flux barrier width increases, the magnetic field coupling between the unit motors decreases, but it increases the volume of the non-operating area and decreases thrust density. Therefore, the flux barrier width should be set to 1.5 τ.

2. A 9-Pole, 10-Slot M-PMLSM

Through the above analysis, the modular structure is applied to the flat-slotted linear motor structure. To reduce the motor cogging force, a 9-pole, 10-slot structure is adopted.

Fig. 6 shows the normal magnetic flux density and back EMF of the proposed M-PMLSM. The analytical method proposed in this paper can solve the effects of ends, flux barriers, and slots very well. Good agreement between the analytical method and FEM is achieved. However, the computational time of the analytical method is only about 10 seconds, and the computational efficiency is greatly improved compared to the FEM.

Fig. 7 exhibits the detent force of the M-PMLSM predicted using FEM. It can be seen that the 9-pole, 10-slot structure is used to effectively suppress the slot effect. The detent force of the unit motor is mainly generated by the end effect. Furthermore, through the mutual difference τ/2 phase of the detent force between the motors, the detent force of the entire M-PMLSM is only 4.14 N. Compared with the 67.65 N of the unit motor, the detent force of the modular motor has been greatly reduced. The above phenomenon is also fully consistent with the analysis in Section II.

VI. Conclusion

For the end effect existing in linear motors, this paper proposes an M-PMLSM. Based on the characteristics of the modular structure, an improved subdomain model is constructed, and the principle of end force abatement is explored in essence. The modular structure is then applied to a 9-slot, 10-pole PMLSM, and the corresponding performance simulations are carried out. The following conclusions are obtained. (1) The established subdomain model can fully take into account the effects of ends and a flux barrier in the structure. Compared with the FEM, the proposed method maintains high computational accuracy, and the computational time is significantly reduced, which is more convenient for preliminary structural design. (2) The principle of reducing the end effect of the modular motor is theoretically explored. That is, the normal flux density phases of the unit motors are 180° different from each other, while the tangential flux density phases remain unchanged. Finally, the end forces of the unit motors differ 180° from each other in phase. Moreover, the phenomenon of magnetic field coupling is explained. To avoid this phenomenon, a minimum width of 1.5τ is recommended for the flux barrier. (3) By applying the modular structure to the 9-slot, 10-pole PMLSM, the overall detent force is reduced from 67.65 N to 4.14 N, which effectively reduces the end effect of the motor. Furthermore, the proposed subdomain model is still applicable to the design of slot M-PMLSM.

Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the “National Natural Science Foundation of China” (Grant No. 52105106), the “Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation” (Grant No. BK20210342).

Fig. 1

Proposed modular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (M-PMLSM).

Fig. 2

Subdomain model: (a) two-dimensional model of the Cartesian coordinate system and (b) two-dimensional model in a polar coordinate system.

Fig. 3

Distribution of magnetization.

Fig. 4

Magnetic flux density at air gap with different flux barrier widths: (a) normal magnetic flux density and (b) tangential magnetic flux density.

Fig. 5

End force with different flux barrier widths.

Fig. 6

Air gap magnetic flux density and back EMF of the proposed modular permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (M-PMLSM): (a) normal magnetic flux density and (b) back EMF.

Fig. 7

Comparison of the detent force.

Table 1

Actual structural parameters

Parameter	Item	Value
L₁/L₂	Primary length (mm)	180
L_m	Length of PM (mm)	12.6
τ	Pole pitch (mm)	18
L₃	Flux barrier width (τ)	1.5
w_s	Slot width (mm)	13
h_p	Thickness of PMs (mm)	4
g	Air gap size (mm)	2
h_c	Primary thickness (mm)	30
B_r	Remanence of the PMs (T)	1.45
N_p	Number of PMs	36
N	Number of coil turns	50
μ_r	Relative permeability	1.043

Table 2

Structural parameters after coordinate conversion

Parameter	Item	Value
ρ₁/ρ₂	Span angle of primary (°)	32.4
ρ_m	Span angle of PM (°)	2.27
ρ_p	Span angle of pole pitch (°)	3.24
ρ₃	Span angle of flux barrier (°)	4.86
ρ₄	Span angle of end (°)	290.34
ρ_w	Span angle of slot (°)	2.34
R_p	Outer radii of PMs (mm)	318.3
R_m	Inner radii of PMs (mm)	314.3
R_g	Inner radii of primary (mm)	320.3
R_s	Outer radii of primary (mm)	350.3
L_e	Extended length of secondary (mm)	2,000
μ_r	Relative permeability	1.043

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Biography

Qingle Wu received a B.E. degree in Mechanical and Electronic Engineering from the School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China, in 2019. He is currently working toward a Ph.D. in weapon science and technology at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. His research interests include the structural design of linear motors and nonlinear system control theory with applications in motor control.

Biography

Liqun Wang received a Ph.D. in Armament Science and Technology from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, in 2020. He is currently a professor of mechanical engineering at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. He visited the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, as a visiting student from 2019 to 2020. His research interests concentrate on uncertainty quantification and propagation, specific electromagnetic phenomena under impact load, nonlinear vibration, and launch dynamics.

Biography

Guolai Yang graduated from Nanjing University of Science and Technology with a Doctorate in Artillery, Automatic Weapons, and Ammunition Engineering. Now he is a professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, and serves as a supervisor of doctoral students. He undertakes many national scientific research projects and has a wide research scope, including in-depth research on artillery design simulation and tank marching analysis.

Biography

Enling Tang was born in 1971. He received a Ph.D. degree from the Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China, in 2007. He is currently a professor and Ph.D. supervisor at Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. His current research interests include hypervelocity impact, plasma diagnostic, impact light flash, and pulsed plasma thrusters.

Biography

Lei Li received a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China, in 2022. He is currently a postdoctoral fellow in mechanical engineering at the School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China. His research interests concentrate on the dynamic magnetomechanical characteristics of magnetic materials, the structural design of electromagnetic devices, and launch dynamics.

Biography

Ahmed Al-Zahrani received a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Currently, he works with Jeddah University as an associate professor in the engineering faculty. In 2021, he was assigned as the Saudi Arabia Embassy Cultural Consular in China.

A Novel Design of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor with Reduced End Effect

Abstract

I. Introduction

II. Modular Motor Principle

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

III. Electromagnetic Characteristic Analysis

1. Analytical Model of the Slotless M-PMLSM

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

2. Analytical Model of the Slotless M-PMLSM

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

Domain 1

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

Domain 2

(25)

Domain 3

(26)

Domain 4

(27)

Domain 5

(28)

3. Boundary Conditions

(29)

(30)

(31)

(32)

(33)

(34)

(35)

(36)

(37)

(38)

(39)

4. Slot Effect

(40)

(41)

(42)

IV. Back EMF and End Force

1. Back EMF

(43)

(44)

2. End Force

(45)

(46)

V. Model Verification

1. End Effect

2. A 9-Pole, 10-Slot M-PMLSM

VI. Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 1

Table 2

References

Biography

Biography