Calculation and Measurement of Near-Field RCS and Received Power Using a Downscaled Model of Precision-Guided Munition

Hwang, Kyuhwan; Yoon, Daeyeong; Jo, Kyounghwan; Joo, Hyounjoon; Kim, Inbok; Kim, Honghee; Yoon, Hongsun; Kim, Jeongsub; Park, Yong Bae

doi:.0..

J. Electromagn. Eng. Sci > Epub ahead of print

Regular Paper

[Epub ahead of print] Published online June 30, 2025.

Calculation and Measurement of Near-Field RCS and Received Power Using a Downscaled Model of Precision-Guided Munition

Kyuhwan Hwang¹

¹Department of AI Convergence Network, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
²Antenna R&D, LIG NEX1, Yongin, Korea
³Missile Systems Core Tech R&D Institute, LIG NEX1, Seongnam, Korea
⁴Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea

Correspondence: Yong Bae Park,Email: yong@ajou.ac.kr

Received: 11 December 2024 • Revised: 21 January 2025 • Accepted: 17 February 2025
*Kyuhwan Hwang and Daeyeong Yoon contributed equally to this study as co-first authors.

Abstract

This paper proposes a method for calculating received power using a downscaled model of an encounter scenario between a precision-guided munition (PGM) and a target by analyzing the near-field gain and near-field radar cross-section (RCS). Measuring the reflective properties between actual-sized targets and PGMs is a very costly and time-consuming process. Therefore, to facilitate such measurements even in a simple laboratory environment, the target encounter scenario is configured using a fixed target and a moving horn antenna in this study. The near-field gain is calculated based on the horn antenna’s physical dimensions, which varied with its distance from the target. Meanwhile, the near-field RCS is analyzed based on the magnitude of the Poynting vector, obtained through High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) shooting and bouncing ray plus (SBR+) simulation. The received power is calculated by substituting the analyzed near-field gain and near-field RCS into the radar equation. In addition, the received power attained using the proposed method is compared to that obtained using far-field gain and far-field RCS, the power obtained through SBR+ simulation, and the power measured in a simple laboratory environment. An error of only 1–2 dB is observed compared to the SBR+ simulation and measured data, thereby validating the proposed downscaled model as well as the method proposed for calculating near-field gain and near-field RCS.

Key words: Gain, Near-Field, Radar Equation, RCS, Received Power